Private Well Testing

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Water Testing Laboratory

Our laboratory offers services for private well owners to test their water for bacterial contamination and nitrate levels. We also educate homeowners on safe drinking water and provide guidance on addressing water quality issues.

The Rock County Public Health Department is certified by the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection for drinking water analysis of bacteria and by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources for analysis of nitrates.

In Rock County, 100% of residents use groundwater as their drinking water source.
In Rock County, there are over 12,000 private wells.
In Rock County, 1 out of 7 wells test positive for bacteria.
In Rock County, 1 in 4 wells test high for nitrates.
In Rock County, less than 5% of homeowners test their wells annually.

Health Effects

Bacteria

Well water with bacterial contamination can cause flu-like illnesses.
Typical symptoms are diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, cramps, or fever.
Young children, elderly, or people with weakened immune systems are at a higher risk

Bacteria in Private Wells (DHS)

Nitrate

High nitrate levels are especially dangerous to babies and women who are or may become pregnant.
"Blue baby syndrome," an oxygen deficiency in the baby's blood, can affect babies less than 6 months old.
High levels may cause certain birth defects in pregnant women.
Studies have also associated high levels with thyroid problems and increased risk of some cancers.

Nitrate in Private Wells (DHS)

Other Contaminants

Other potential concerns from your private well drinking water:

How Can I Protect My Family?

Testing

Routine testing is important since contamination does not always result in obvious physical changes.

Test annually for bacteria and nitrate.
Nitrate testing is important for households with people that are pregnant and infants.
Test if there are changes in water color, smell, or taste.
Test after a flooding event in your area.
Test for arsenic at least once and more often if detected.

Maintaining Your Private Well

Private wells require routine maintenance and inspections to ensure proper operation. Tips:

Ensure the well cap is secure and in good condition (no cracks, holes, or other damage).
Keep the area around the well clean and safe.
Ensure the ground slopes away from the well.
Avoid damaging the well casing.
Always use a licensed well professional.

Info for Well Owners (DNR)

How Do I Get My Well Tested?

Bacteria and Nitrates

Testing kits are available:

For pick-up during normal business hours
By mail - $6 shipping and handling charge applies (see below for payment and ordering)

Costs:

Bacteria test (coliform + E. coli) - $28
- MPN Investigative test - add $5 ($33 total)
Nitrate test - $28
pH testing:
- Water - $10
- Food (up to 5 samples) - $25

Payments:

Payments are due upon sample submission
Check, money orders, cash, and credit card (see below) accepted
Payment ($6) is required if you want a testing kit shipped. Please mail the order form and payment or order and pay online using the link below

Order Online / Pay by credit Card (service fee applies):

Water Test Kit Mail Order Form

Well Testing Program Brochure

Nitrate Well Testing and Mitigation Program

Laboratory Water Test Request Form

Why Home Owners Sample Well Water

Additional Testing:

Other contaminates or water quality testing can be coordinated through our department and in partnership with other certified laboratories. This may include pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), arsenic, lead, and other metals. Please contact us at (608) 757-5440 for a consultation and guidance.

What Do My Results Mean?